Iodine deficiency is a widespread problem that can seriously affect thyroid function an... — 24 мая 2026 г. в 11:58:00.722
Iodine deficiency is a widespread problem that can seriously affect thyroid function and overall health, as well as hinder normal development in children. Iodized salt is the most effective and accessible prevention method, endorsed by the WHO. In Russia, as in many countries around the world, this strategy is recommended for the majority of the population — but it comes with important nuances. Anna Viktorovna Postoeva, MD, PhD, Associate Professor at the Department of Hospital Therapy and Endocrinology at NSMU and an endocrinologist, will help us understand these details. 🌍 International and Russian recommendations The WHO promotes Universal Salt Iodization, meaning that all edible salt should be iodized to prevent related diseases. Daily iodine intake recommendations (WHO): 🔹 Children under 6 years: 90 µg. 🔹 Children aged 6–12 years: 120 µg. 🔹 Adolescents and adults: 150 µg. 🔹 Pregnant and breastfeeding women: 250 µg. Russian practice Russia is classified as a region with mild to moderate iodine deficiency. Endocrinologists strongly recommend using iodized salt for personal prevention. Iodized salt is beneficial for almost everyone, but it is especially important for vulnerable groups: 🔹 Pregnant and breastfeeding women. This is the most critical group, as iodine is essential for fetal brain development. They may need additional supplementation (250 µg/day). 🔹 Children and adolescents. The micronutrient is necessary for normal growth, cognitive development, and academic performance. 🔹 Adults. To prevent goiter (thyroid enlargement) and maintain energy levels. ⚠ Contraindications and side effects Although the risk of iodine excess from food is extremely low, there are cases where iodized salt should be avoided. ❌ Contraindications: 🔹 Thyroid disorders. People with thyrotoxicosis (Graves’ disease) or autoimmune thyroiditis should limit iodine intake — but only in consultation with an endocrinologist. 🔹 Kidney diseases. Use iodized salt with caution in cases of glomerulonephritis and pyelonephritis. 🔹 Preparation for treatment. A strict iodine‑free diet is prescribed before radioactive iodine therapy (for thyroid cancer). ❗ Side effects and risks With normal use, side effects are virtually absent. The main risks, described in studies and by medical experts, include: 🔹 “Iodism” (intolerance). Extremely rare, occurring only with massive iodine doses (e.g., ingesting medical tincture). It is impossible to reach such levels through dietary iodized salt. Symptoms may include a metallic taste, rash, or runny nose. 🔹 Transient hyperthyroidism. A short‑term increase in thyroid function may occur in some individuals when mass iodization is introduced in a region with severe iodine deficiency. Usually, this condition is mild and resolves on its own. 💡 Practical tips and myths To get the most benefit, it’s important to use the product correctly: 🔹 Add salt after cooking. Iodine evaporates at high temperatures, so add salt to warm, ready‑to‑serve dishes to preserve its beneficial properties. 🔹 Store salt in a sealed container. Iodine can volatilize when exposed to air. 🔹 The allergy myth. A true allergy to iodine as an element does not exist. Intolerance to medicinal doses (iodism) is possible, but this does not apply to iodized salt. 🔹 Don’t worry about overdose from iodized salt. To reach a toxic iodine dose from salt alone, one would need to consume about 100 g at once — an amount that is dangerous due to the salt itself. A daily intake of 5–6 g of salt is sufficient for health. ❗ If you have any concerns about your thyroid health, it is best to consult a doctor before adding iodized salt to your diet. ✅ The publication is timed to coincide with the week of prevention of diseases of the endocrine system (in honor of World Thyroid Day on May 25).